African American Vernacular English - 1494 Words

African American Vernacular English Background: African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is the variety previously known as Black English Vernacular or Vernacular Black English by sociolinguists, and commonly called Ebonics outside the academic community. However, some characteristics of AAVE are seemingly unique in its structure. It also includes a number of standard and nonstandard English varieties are spoken by the US and the Caribbean people. AAVE has been the core of many public debates and also the analysis of this variety has encouraged and sustained debates amongst sociolinguists. Some speakers may use some special aspects of pronunciation and vocabulary. Nevertheless, the grammatical features are not connected with the variety. Several sociolinguists would reserve the term AAVE for varieties which are marked by the existence of specific distinctive grammatical features and some of them are discussed below. The history of AAVE and what language varieties it is related to are also a matter of argument. Some scholars co nfirm that AAVE developed out a connection between speakers of West African languages and speakers of vernacular English varieties. According to such an opinion, West Africans learnt English on plantations in the southern Coastal States from very few native speakers. Some say that this led to the development of a rudimentary pidgin, a very simple language which has been extended through a process of colorization later. VOCABULARY: AAVEShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Vernacular English Language Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican American Vernacular English African American Vernacular English can be described as an assortment of American English that is mostly used by urban-working class and mostly bi-dialectical middle-class black Americans. The language is also commonly known as Black Vernacular English or Black English. In some cases, particularly outside the academic community, it is referred to as Ebonics given its distinctive features and similarities with other non-standard English varieties. The similaritiesRead MoreAfrican American Vernacular English (Aave)1503 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican American Vernacular English The United States of America is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations. Even though there is not an official national language, most Americans speak Standard American English (SAE). However, the most prevalent native English vernacular dialect in the United States is African American Vernacular English (AAVE). According to Sharon Vaughn, AAVE is â€Å"a dialect used by some African Americans† (110). In order to examine AAVE, one mustRead MoreThe Grammar Of Urban African American Vernacular English By Walt Wolfram1368 Words   |  6 Pagesurban African American Vernacular English by Walt Wolfram Introduction †¢ The roots of contemporary of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) were establish in the rural South . †¢ In the 20th century, it is associated with its use in non-Souther urban areas. †¢ Urban AAVE was a by-product of the great Migration o African-Americans moved from rural South to metropolitan areas of the North. o Demographic movement is not a sufficient explanation for the cultural shift. o 90% of African AmericansRead MoreAfrican American Vernacular English ( Aave )2169 Words   |  9 Pagesthat uses some of its own words, grammar, and pronunciations. (Webster Dictionary) African American Vernacular English(AAVE) was often called as Ebonics by Non-linguists. The languages and dialects are noble, which should not be separated by personal biased thought about the race, color, region, religion. However, in 1997, a nation-wide debate about Ebonics took place, which made people aware of the ‘Black English’ for the first time. The fuse of that case was the Oakland, Calif. School board, whichRead MoreAfrican American English ( Aae )1305 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American English (AAE) is commonly referred to as Ebonics, as well as black speech, black vernacular, and several other phrases. According to William Labov, â€Å"This African American Vernacular English shares most of its grammar and vocabulary with other dialects of English. But it is distinct i n many ways, and it is more different from Standard English (SE) than any other dialect spoken in continental North America.† (Pullum, 39) AAE is a precious product of a people who mastered a languageRead MoreThe Future Of Black English And Its Academic Impact On African American Children1291 Words   |  6 PagesThe Future of ‘Black English’ and its Academic Impact on African-American Children Introduction Language plays a key role in communication in any society, culture and organization. This medium of social interaction is universal and has been passed down for centuries as a legacy. Therefore, it is imperative that the purity of the language is kept within each framework of heritage. Culture also plays a very important role in the evolution of language. It is the foundation of social engagement andRead MoreSpeech Is Nothing More Than Incorrect English1373 Words   |  6 Pagesand Linguists alike have made their fair share of jokes on this word comprised of â€Å"ebony† and â€Å"phonics†, which is used when referring to the speech of African American English speakers (Pullum, 321). While some would say that this variety of speech is nothing more than incorrect English, others would argue that African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is in fact a language on its own, complete with rules, complexities, and patterns (Pullum, 321). The opposing sides on this issue have sparked controversialRead MoreAfrican American Vernacular Traditions: Integrated Into Modern Culture1292 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American Vernacular Traditions: Integrated Into Modern Culture African American vernacular traditions have been around for many centuries and still cease to exist in their culture. The vernacular traditions of the African Americans started when slaves were existent in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. It is believed that the slaves spoke a mix of Creole and partial English, in which they had to create in order to communicate between them discreetly. The vernacular traditions originatedRead More Code Switching in William Wells Browns Clotel Essay896 Words   |  4 Pagesone would speak to a scholar, or speak to a prison inmate in the same regard that one would speak with the President of the United States. Speaking in standard American English and then in African American Vernacular English (AAVE), or Ebonics, portrays the most prominent use of code switching in today’s society, especially among American youths. Today, people utilize code switching to associate better amongst a group of people. In William Wells Brown’s Clotel , code switching plays an important roleRead MoreEssay about ebonics1044 Words   |  5 Pagesconnotations of terms like Nonstandard Negro English that had been coined in the 1960s when the first modern large-scale linguistic studies of African American speech communities began. However, the term Ebonics never caught on amongst linguists, much less among the general public. That all changed with the Ebonics controversy of December 1996 when the Oakland (CA) School Board recognized it as the primary language of its majority African American students and resolved to take it into account

Nokia s Analysis Report Comparison - 908 Words

Nokia’s Analysis Report in Comparison to Its Chief Competitors. Nokia currently has three chief competitors: Apple, HTC, and Samsung. All these firms operate in a similar market, offer similar products, and targets similar customers. It should also be noted that Nokia engage in multimarket competition because it competes with these firms in several product and geographic markets (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2013). For the purpose of this paper, a competitor analysis will be conducted to assess the present state of Nokia. Figure 1 gives a visual of the information that will be discussed. The financial information is according to Yahoo Finance. Figure1 Finance After analyzing Nokia’s finances compared to its competitors, Nokia’s†¦show more content†¦Nokia plans to invest in HERE, the developments of new products and services needed by telecoms operators, and expanding intellectual property licensing program (Nokia Corporation, 2014). Apple plans to stay committed to offering its user a unique experience through innovative hardware, software and services. The company’s business strategy focuses on differentiation. Designing and developing its own operating systems, hardware, application software, and services, Apple intends to continue providing its customers with superior products and solutions. Apple plan to invest in research and development, marketing and advertising to increase sales and its competitive advantage. As part of its strategy, Apple will continue to grow its platform through the iTunes Store (Apple Inc., 2013). HTC plans to invest in brand awareness, marketing, and sales (HTC, 2013). Its bestselling flagship phone- HTC One has been updated in hopes of enhancing customers’ experiences. They intend to build on the quality of all the things that made the original HTC One a success and get the product into the hands of customer quicker. A Total Quality Management System has been implied by HTC top executive as the new strategy (Business Insider, 2014). Samsung has become known as the fast follower which means they monitor the market and quickly duplicate the products that are gaining traction and make them available for less. Samsung’s late mover strategy has caused some legalShow MoreRelatedCan Nokia Bounce Back?1632 Words   |  7 PagesCan Nokia Bounce Back? Section 1: Introduction This report will investigate the current business situation communications giant Nokia are facing due to their plummet in business stature. It will provide analysis through Porters Five Forces and Internal Analysis into how the former communications giant can recover. Section 2: Company Context Nokia is global company based in Espoo, Finland. It was divided into three main departments Nokia Technologies, Nokia Networks and until September 2013Read MoreFin Report1237 Words   |  5 PagesFIN 315 Final assignment: Portfolio Project December 6, 2012 Portfolio Project We changed our strategy after the first interim report. We realized that it is hard to use â€Å"bottom-up† approach to invest by looking into a particular stock to invest. Right now, we are trying to use â€Å"top-down† approach to invest in our portfolio. Top-down approach is a method of analysis that involves looking at the big picture first, and then analyzing the details of sector or industry then towards the company orRead MoreVision And Mission Statement : Nokia s Vision9696 Words   |  39 Pages 2007). Nokia’s vision is â€Å"Connecting People† (Nokia, 2013). And the company’s mission statement is an elaboration of its vision: â€Å"Connecting People. Our goal is to build great mobile products that enable billions of people worldwide to enjoy more of what life has to offer. Our challenge is to achieve this in an increasingly dynamic and competitive environment† (Nokia, 2014) From Nokia’s vision and mission statement it can be inferred that Nokia wants to be known for its credibility and to beRead MoreNokias Main Competitors1955 Words   |  8 PagesNokia’s main competitors in its segment are Huawei, Ericsson and ZTE, of which only Ericsson (ERIC) is listed in the US stock exchange. Hence, for the purpose of this section we use ERIC as comparison. The chart in Figure 1 shows the growth of $10,000 in Nokia in comparison with Ericsson and the benchmarks namely the SP 500 and the â€Å"Communication Equipment† sector. With the historical background provided in the earlier section, it is evident that the changes in the strategy and the structure of the organizationRead MoreIntegrated Management Project: Nokia Corporation Case Study11244 Words   |  45 Pagesï » ¿Integrated Management Nokia Corporation Contents TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc337725744 Section A PAGEREF _Toc337725744 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc337725745 Brief background to the company and its industry PAGEREF _Toc337725745 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc337725746 Statement of the Issues Identified PAGEREF _Toc337725746 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc337725747 Factors Contributing To These Issues PAGEREF _Toc337725747 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc337725748 Human Resources PAGEREF _Toc337725748 h 7 HYPERLINKRead MoreNokias Marketing Plan: SWOT Analysis2335 Words   |  9 Pagessuch as the iPhones or the Android operated telephones. Nokia as such comes to compete in a highly dynamic industry, in which it seems unable to equalize the offer and attractiveness of the smart telephone providers. This situation is created as a result of numerous changes in the micro and macro environment, one notable one being the commodization of technologies, which unifies the quality of the products and services. In other words, Nokia should not compete with the smart phones creators, but shouldRead MoreSmartphone Industry Financial Analysis3204 Words   |  13 PagesA Financial Analysis of the Smartphone Industry Maria Thompson Jared Fowler John Froman Michael Collingsworth Emily Barnes Emily Pounders Robert Crittenden The University of North Alabama September 23, 2011 A Financial Analysis of the Smartphone Industry The industry of Smartphones is rapidly growing. Through our analysis, we have seen companies that have taken advantage of this rapid growth and some that have only experienced moderate growth. Through comparative analysis of financialRead MoreNokias Declining Market Share3499 Words   |  14 Pagesdifficulties that Nokia is facing. Nokia being a market leader until 2007 has lost its number one status worldwide. b. Design/methodology/approach: A detailed discussion of Indian mobile industry is performed to identify key issues present in the industry and to confirm the areas on which Nokia needs to focus to maintain its market share. BOT analysis, Stakeholders analysis, Causal loop are used to identify the factors triggering the issues. c. Findings- The challenges that Nokia is facingRead MoreEssay about Nokia Case10275 Words   |  42 PagesPlan: Nokia | Group F4 | 905690745162235792279447892599 | | | | Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Internal Analysis 3 2.1. Resource Analysis 3 2.1.1. Hierarchy of resources 4 2.1.2. Resource Portfolio 4 2.1.3. Core Competencies 5 2.1.4. Summary of Resource Analysis 5 2.2. Strategic Business Unit (SBU) Analysis 5 2.2.1. Identification of SBUs 6 2.2.2. Summary of SBU Analysis 6 2.3. Value Chain Analysis 7 2.3.1. Summary of Value Chain Analysis 8 2Read MoreMarketing Analysis of Nokia Mobile2974 Words   |  12 PagesA PROJECT REPORT ON MARKET ANALYSIS OF NOKIA MOBILE IN ROHTAK Submitted for the partial fulfillment for module of Business Research Methodology Submitted To Submitted By Dr.Ashutosh Nigam Manoj Astt. Professor MBA 2.2 V.C.E. Rohtak Roll No: 23 Department of Management Studies Vaish College of Engineering, Rohtak DECLARATION

The Afterlife Free Essays

My life ended just as hers was beginning. At the exact second my car hit a patch of black ice, spun, and collided with a tree, she was emerging from the sanctuary of her mother’s womb. My soul was knocked from my body, just as hers breathed its first breath. We will write a custom essay sample on The Afterlife or any similar topic only for you Order Now I never thought death would be like this. From birth I had been raised as a Christian, believing in all that Christians do: Heaven, Hell, and all the rest. These were, to my way of thinking, the only destinations in the afterlife. Whether I was saved or condemned, I believed that death would signal the end of my earthly responsibilities. Now, I know better. At first, I didn’t understand what had happened. I remembered the car spinning uncontrollably, the view out the window blurry until the tree loomed in the night. There had been a horrible crunching noise, like walking on packed snow, except much louder. My life did not flash before my eyes in what I now know were the last few seconds of my life. There was the spinning, the blur, the crunch — and then black. Not the kind of blackness that appears when you close your eyes — no, even then little speckles, little neon clouds appear. This darkness was consuming. It was absolute. For a second I felt absolute terror. I remember wondering if this was what it was like to be in a coma, or if the glass from my shattered windscreen had blinded me. In my finitely human mind, I didn’t consider that I might be dead. Then I heard a voice. It seemed the voice came out of nowhere, or at least from some unidentifiable place in the blackness. It evoked in me the strangest sensation: in all my earthly life, I knew I’d never heard that voice before. Yet, a part of me responded to it in a way I didn’t understand. The first thing the voice — the being — told me was that I had just died. That, to put it mildly, was a shock. A moment passed as the being gave me time to register this fact. Too stunned to even feel disbelief, I couldn’t seem to reply. In truth, what could I have said? There is nothing on earth to prepare someone for that knowledge. The next thing the voice told me was that I owed a debt to God. It did not say this cruelly, or even judgementally; rather, it spoke objectively, with no trace of human emotion clouding its delivery. It was difficult — indeed, impossible — to discern anything about the being. I couldn’t see it, couldn’t touch it — I had no idea where it was. All I could do was listen as it explained what would become of me. Throughout my somewhat short life, the being said, I had offended and even hurt God on many occasions. I was not unique in this aspect; in fact, such was the case for most who had ever dwelt on the earth. A lucky, selfless few spent their lives pleasing God, and at death they were free. They owed nothing. I, however, did, and the debt for my sometimes sinful life had to be repaid. The only question was how. The second I had that thought, I felt an enormous shift come over my body — or soul, whatever I was made of. There was a brief falling sensation, like descending the first big dip of a roller coaster. The scene in front of me flicked from the void of blackness to an unfamiliar scene. I was watching events in suspended animation, in what seemed to be a hospital delivery room. My confusion mounted. ‘Why am I here?’ I asked, directing my question to the being’s presence somewhere beside me. I looked at the doctors in their green garb, their bodies inclined towards a woman on a bed, frozen in a picture of agony. The baby the doctors were lifting from her body had just been about to take its first breath. I tried to see what the scene had to do with me, but I could make no connection with any of the room’s occupants. The last time I’d been in a place like this was during my own birth. ‘Do I know these people?’ ‘No,’ the being replied, tonelessly. ‘You’ve never met any of them. But. some will become very familiar to you.’ ‘How can they?’ I asked. ‘You’ve just told me – I’m dead.’ Somehow, with the mental equivalent of a hand gesture, the being drew my attention towards the newborn, framed by the circle of doctors. It was then that I learned how my debt was to be repaid. ‘This,’ it said, ‘is your charge.’ ‘My . . . charge?’ I didn’t understand. ‘You know you have a debt to repay to God,’ I was told. ‘This is how. This child has just been born, as you have just died. On birth, every child is appointed a guardian, one of those who owe God.’ Something changed in the voice then, a shift so small I only just noticed. Its tone changed, softened; disembodied and ethereal as it was, it somehow became more human. I looked at the child – a girl – as I felt the being do the same. ‘You must look after this child every moment of her life. Before her birth, the child was tied to her mother: she found all the protection she needed in her womb. Now, that is your responsibility. You will not always be able to protect her, but you must never stop offering her your guidance, your comfort, all the days of her life. Your eternal presence alone is usually enough.’ Looking back, I wonder if the option was there to refuse. That’s not to say I wanted to, but perhaps some have. Regardless, the only feeling I distinctly remember was of great surprise. Never in my life had I thought this was what happened after death. The question that had plagued mankind had been answered for me – but there was no one to tell. The only thing left to do was accept. I looked at the child, frozen under the gaze of assorted doctors, the being, and me. I directed my thought towards the being. For some reason, I needed no deliberation. ‘Yes.’ At that, the scene in front of me unfroze. The baby breathed, and with her breath came her first cries. Her mother simultaneously groaned and sighed in relief, a sigh echoed around her by the doctors. The baby’s life had begun. In retrospect, I wonder why, at that moment, I didn’t feel a surge of panic. What did I know about being a guardian? I’d never looked after a child while I was alive, yet here I was, ready to protect this tiny being for the rest of her natural life — however long that might be. Yet I found an odd acceptance of my new duty — perhaps because I didn’t have anything else. My own life had ended. Coming out of my reverie, I realized the being was still beside me. I felt it watch with me as the little girl was wrapped in a blanket and given to her smiling mother. Strangely, there seemed to be a sense of sadness emanating from the being’s presence, something barely tangible but at the same time undeniably present. It was odd given its earlier detachment. ‘Is it hard?’ I asked as the mother cuddled her child for the first time. ‘Is it hard to be a guardian?’ ‘Harder than anything you’ve ever done,’ the being replied. ‘No matter how long she lives, it is always hard. But it must be done.’ The being’s voice changed again, swelling suddenly with emotion. ‘You will come to care very much for that child. No one will ever know her in the way that you will, because you will always be with her.’ I was almost sure I felt the being sigh inwardly. ‘Always, until the end of her life. Then you will show her what to do. as I have shown you.’ It was only then that I realized who the being was, why I had instinctively known its voice. Elated, I felt my mind reel with a thousand questions. But it was too late. As soon as the revelation had came, the being had gone. For a moment I felt a crushing sadness that I would never know him or her — someone who’d been there for me through every second of my life. But there wasn’t time to dwell. Looking at the yawning baby a few feet away from me, I felt the first stirrings of affection. It had been a long time since I’d felt such a clear sense of purpose. Inwardly, I promised I would do for her what the being, the presence who’d just left, had done for me. How to cite The Afterlife, Papers

Critical Issue of Rio Tinto company

Question: Discuss about the Management and business context of Rio Tinto of Rio Tinto company. Answer: Introduction The aim of this essay is to provide an understanding of the critical issue of Rio Tinto in the context of business and management. The essay gains the understanding of internal and external factors that impact on the organization as well as its decision-making process. In addition to this, the essay analysis the domestic and international factors that affect the structure and strategy of the business. At the end, the essay provides useful recommendation and conclusion related to the critical issues of Rio Tinto related to business and management. Critical issue faced by Rio Tinto Rio Tinto is the world largest mining and metal company in the Australia. There are various issues that has been faced by the Rio Tinto in context of management and business i.e. anti-union behavior, failures in the health and safety of workers, increased the use of precarious workers, poor relationship with the communities of business, irresponsible activity related to politics, failure to respect the rights of indigenous people and lack of transparency in the business (Industriall global union, 2016). These issues impact on the overall environment of business and management of Rio Tinto. All issue has been impacted by the climate of the business. Rio Tinto constantly implementing new strategies and engineering techniques that will aim to reduce the environmental impact on business as well as management (Cheney et al., 2010). Internal and external contextual factor that impact on the organization and its decision-making system Some internal and external factor impacts the business and more challenging than other. On the other hand, the business works to improve internal and external factor to make the grow the economy and decrease the level of spending (Oliveira and Martins, 2011). The internal and external factors that affect organization and their decision-making system can be described as below- Organizational structures- Organization structure is an internal factor that will affect the day-to-day operations of the Rio Tinto. The organization structure affects the decision-making system of Rio Tinto and enhances the performance of the business through creating a specialized department within the organization (Ford and Richardson, 2013). The people who involve in a different department can manage various responsibilities in those specialized areas. Environmental Forces- The environment forces affect the ability of business function. There are various environmental forces that are related to the external environment of business i.e. customers, government, economy, public opinion and competition (Eweje et al., 2012). These factors influence the marketing decision-making system of Rio Tinto. On the basis of these environmental factors Rio Tinto decisions related to the purchasing, manufacturing, research and development, technology and many more. Risks confronting the firm Rio Tinto work to reduce the risk that damages the operations of the business. There are various kinds of risks that affect the business decision-making system such as- innovation risk, cyber security risk, growth risk, productivity risk and risk related to cash optimization and many more (Wong et al., 2011). The decision of management involves risk and uncertainty that will affect the rational judgment of the business. Organization and business practices Organization and business practices of Rio Tinto are restoring trust in their business. The business practices increase credibility positive essays towards change for the organization effectiveness. There is a link between the organization effectiveness and positive business practices in the organization (Manzoor, 2012). In addition to this, the business decision is always influenced by the organization and business practices because it will affect the future financial and human resources. The better business practices improve the decision-making process and increase the relationship between organization members. Organizational functions of diverse firms Organization function of Rio Tinto can be thought as the different department like human resources, marketing, information technology that will impact the organization structure. Therefore, there is a link between effective organization function and effective organization structure (Wong et al., 2011). With the help of various organization function of Rio Tinto, the business uses multiple perspective analysis to take decisions. In addition to this, organization function is helpful for short term decision to solve the various problems that are raised due to the action of employees. Domestic and international factor that affect the business structure and strategy The business that is doing on international basis is not same as doing business at the domestic basis. In the present context, there is a requirement of new skills and new knowledge acquire about the country in which business the organization is operated (Islam et al., 2011). There are some factors of domestic and international organization affect the structure and strategy of business in an effective way, which can be described as below- Market analysis- It is a domestic factor that can provide an understanding of the needs and wants of the customers of business. With the help of market analysis, organization strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats can be identified that are the specific factor for Rio Tinto. Market analysis is helpful to formulate the strategies to develop a competitive advantage (Cerrato and Piva, 2012). The strategy follows the structure of market analysis and the market structure support the strategy of the business. Different culture One of the biggest international factor of Rio Tinto is the different culture in different countries that can influence the structure and strategy of the organization. It is difficult to develop a business strategy for the internal business because the taste and preference of the different culture customers are different for goods and services (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 2013). In addition to this, a different culture is very challenging to initiate and implement the strategic and structure change in the organization. Strategy and structure is a headline on the companys story. Cyclical Change- Cyclical change is a domestic factor of the Rio Tinto that can be referred to the ups and downs of the economy. Cyclical change can formulate the long-term goals that sweeping the strategic change that can strain the structure of the organization (Brock and Birkinshaw, 2013). Cyclical impact on the domestic business strategy and structure is stronger as compare to the international business. Different political system- The different political system is cover in the international factor of the organization. It is necessary to understand the political system of the country in which it operates its business. Different countries have different rules and laws that are applied to the business (Daniels et al., 2013). Therefore, different rules and regulations of the government affect the strategy and structure of the organization. In addition to this, the different political system can affect the business strategy and structure because the government is liable to protect the interest of public and government also influence the economic environment. Recommendation From the above discussion, it can be recommended that the organization should proactively set up with the decision-making structure of the business. In addition to this, the organization should develop the strategy that will help to increase the organizational effectiveness. It is recommended to Rio Tinto that it should create the specialized department to increase the decision-making process in the business. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that critical issue of Rio Tinto affected the climate of overall business and management. The essay analyzed that political factor was affecting the business because government protected the interest of the public. Additionally, the essay described that environmental forces were helpful to make the decision related to manufacturing system, marketing system, and technology system of the organization. Reference Brock, D.M. and Birkinshaw, J. (2013). Management and International Review. Germany: Springer Science Business Media. Cerrato, D., and Piva, M. (2012). The internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises: the effect of family management, human capital and foreign ownership. Journal of Management Governance, 16(4), 617-644. Cheney, G., Christensen, L.T., Zorn, T.E., and Ganesh, S. (2010). Organizational Communication in an Age of Globalization: Issues, Reflections, Practices. USA: Waveland Press. Czinkota, M. R., and Ronkainen, I. A. (2013). International marketing. USA: Cengage Learning. Daniels, J.D., Radebaugh, L.H., and Radebaugh, D.P. (2013). International Business: Environments and Operations. Australia: Pearson. Eweje, J., Turner, R. and Mller, R., (2012). Maximizing strategic value from megaprojects: The influence of information-feed on decision-making by the project manager. International Journal of Project Management, 30(6), 639-651. Ford, R.C. and Richardson, W.D., (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature, Journal of Business Ethics, 19-44. Industriall global union (2016). Rio Tinto: The way it really works. Retrieved from: https://www.industriall-union.org/rio-tinto Islam, M.A., Khan, M.A., Obaidullah, A.Z.M. and Alam, M.S., (2011). Effect of entrepreneur and firm characteristics on the business success of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(3),289. Manzoor, Q. A. (2012). Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness. Business management and strategy, 3(1), 1. Oliveira, T. and Martins, M.F. (2011). Literature review of information technology adoption models at firm level. The Electronic Journal Information Systems Evaluation, 14(1), pp.110-121. Wong, C. Y., Boon-Itt, S.,and Wong, C. W. (2011). The contingency effects of environmental uncertainty on the relationship between supply chain integration and operational performance. Journal of Operations management, 29(6), 604-615. Wong, E. M., Ormiston, M. E., and Tetlock, P. E. (2011). The effects of top management team integrative complexity and decentralized decision making on corporate social performance. Academy of Management Journal, 54(6), 1207-1228.